A stringio library for Go (like the python StringIO). Forked from and updated for Go 1.0.3. StringIO is a low level library to mimic file I/O operations against buffers (memory). Not like File, it does not touch the filesystem at all. Best suit for testing infrastructure. Python StringIO.StringIO Examples The following are code examples for showing how to use StringIO.StringIO. They are from open source Python projects. You can vote up the examples you like or vote down the ones you don't like.

OverviewThe module provides Python’s main facilities for dealing with varioustypes of I/O. There are three main types of I/O: text I/O, binary I/Oand raw I/O. These are generic categories, and various backing stores canbe used for each of them. A concrete object belonging to any of thesecategories is called a. Other common terms are streamand file-like object.Independently of its category, each concrete stream object will also havevarious capabilities: it can be read-only, write-only, or read-write.

It canalso allow arbitrary random access (seeking forwards or backwards to anylocation), or only sequential access (for example in the case of a socket orpipe).All streams are careful about the type of data you give to them. For examplegiving a object to the write method of a binary streamwill raise a TypeError.

So will giving a object to thewrite method of a text stream. High-level Module Interface io. DEFAULTBUFFERSIZEAn int containing the default buffer size used by the module’s buffered I/Oclasses. Uses the file’s blksize (as obtained by) if possible.

Open ( file, mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None, closefd=True, opener=None )This is an alias for the builtin function. Exception io. BlockingIOErrorThis is a compatibility alias for the builtinexception. Exception io. UnsupportedOperationAn exception inheriting and that is raisedwhen an unsupported operation is called on a stream.

NoteThe abstract base classes also provide default implementations of somemethods in order to help implementation of concrete stream classes. Forexample, provides unoptimized implementations ofreadinto and.At the top of the I/O hierarchy is the abstract base class. Itdefines the basic interface to a stream.

Note, however, that there is noseparation between reading and writing to streams; implementations are allowedto raise if they do not support a given operation.The ABC extends. It deals with the readingand writing of bytes to a stream. Subclassesto provide an interface to files in the machine’s file system.The ABC deals with buffering on a raw byte stream. Its subclasses, and buffer streams that arereadable, writable, and both readable and writable.provides a buffered interface to random access streams. Anothersubclass, is a stream of in-memorybytes.The ABC, another subclass of, deals withstreams whose bytes represent text, and handles encoding and decoding to andfrom strings., which extends it, is a buffered textinterface to a buffered raw stream. I/O Base Classes class io. IOBaseThe abstract base class for all I/O classes, acting on streams of bytes.There is no public constructor.This class provides empty abstract implementations for many methodsthat derived classes can override selectively; the defaultimplementations represent a file that cannot be read, written orseeked.Even though does not declare read, readinto,or write because their signatures will vary, implementations andclients should consider those methods part of the interface.

Also,implementations may raise a (or )when operations they do not support are called.The basic type used for binary data read from or written to a file is. S are accepted too, and in some cases(such as readinto) required. Text I/O classes work withdata.Note that calling any method (even inquiries) on a closed stream isundefined. Implementations may raise in this case.(and its subclasses) supports the iterator protocol, meaningthat an object can be iterated over yielding the lines in astream. Lines are defined slightly differently depending on whether thestream is a binary stream (yielding bytes), or a text stream (yieldingcharacter strings). See below.is also a context manager and therefore supports thestatement.

In this example, file is closed after thestatement’s suite is finished—even if an exception occurs. With open ( 'spam.txt', 'w' ) as file: file. Write ( 'Spam and eggs!' )provides these data attributes and methods: close ( )Flush and close this stream. This method has no effect if the file isalready closed.

Once the file is closed, any operation on the file(e.g. Reading or writing) will raise a.As a convenience, it is allowed to call this method more than once;only the first call, however, will have an effect.

ClosedTrue if the stream is closed. Fileno ( )Return the underlying file descriptor (an integer) of the stream if itexists. An is raised if the IO object does not use a filedescriptor. Flush ( )Flush the write buffers of the stream if applicable. This does nothingfor read-only and non-blocking streams. Isatty ( )Return True if the stream is interactive (i.e., connected toa terminal/tty device).

Readable ( )Return True if the stream can be read from. If False, readwill raise. Readline ( size=-1 )Read and return one line from the stream. If size is specified, atmost size bytes will be read.The line terminator is always b'n' for binary files; for text files,the newline argument to can be used to select the lineterminator(s) recognized. Readlines ( hint=-1 )Read and return a list of lines from the stream. Hint can be specifiedto control the number of lines read: no more lines will be read if thetotal size (in bytes/characters) of all lines so far exceeds hint.Note that it’s already possible to iterate on file objects using for line in file. Without calling file.readlines.

Seek ( offset , whence )Change the stream position to the given byte offset. Offset isinterpreted relative to the position indicated by whence. The defaultvalue for whence is SEEKSET. Values for whence are:. SEEKSET or 0 – start of the stream (the default);offset should be zero or positive. SEEKCUR or 1 – current stream position; offset maybe negative. SEEKEND or 2 – end of the stream; offset is usuallynegativeReturn the new absolute position.

New in version 3.3: Some operating systems could support additional values, likeos.SEEKHOLE or os.SEEKDATA. The valid valuesfor a file could depend on it being open in text or binary mode. Seekable ( )Return True if the stream supports random access. If False, and will raise. Tell ( )Return the current stream position.

Truncate ( size=None )Resize the stream to the given size in bytes (or the current positionif size is not specified). The current stream position isn’t changed.This resizing can extend or reduce the current file size. In case ofextension, the contents of the new file area depend on the platform(on most systems, additional bytes are zero-filled, on Windows they’reundetermined). The new file size is returned. Writable ( )Return True if the stream supports writing. If False,write and will raise. Writelines ( lines )Write a list of lines to the stream.

Line separators are not added, so itis usual for each of the lines provided to have a line separator at theend. del ( )Prepare for object destruction. Provides a defaultimplementation of this method that calls the instance’smethod.

RawIOBaseBase class for raw binary I/O. There is nopublic constructor.Raw binary I/O typically provides low-level access to an underlying OSdevice or API, and does not try to encapsulate it in high-level primitives(this is left to Buffered I/O and Text I/O, described later in this page).In addition to the attributes and methods from,provides the following methods: read ( size=-1 )Read up to size bytes from the object and return them. As a convenience,if size is unspecified or -1, is called. Otherwise,only one system call is ever made. Fewer than size bytes may bereturned if the operating system call returns fewer than size bytes.If 0 bytes are returned, and size was not 0, this indicates end of file.If the object is in non-blocking mode and no bytes are available,None is returned. Readall ( )Read and return all the bytes from the stream until EOF, using multiplecalls to the stream if necessary. Readinto ( b )Read up to len(b) bytes into b and return thenumber of bytes read.

If the object is in non-blocking mode and nobytes are available, None is returned. Write ( b )Write the given or object, b, to theunderlying raw stream and return the number of bytes written. This canbe less than len(b), depending on specifics of the underlying rawstream, and especially if it is in non-blocking mode. None isreturned if the raw stream is set not to block and no single byte couldbe readily written to it.

BufferedIOBaseBase class for binary streams that support some kind of buffering.It inherits. New in version 3.1. Read ( size=-1 )Read and return up to size bytes.

If the argument is omitted, None,or negative, data is read and returned until EOF is reached. An emptyobject is returned if the stream is already at EOF.If the argument is positive, and the underlying raw stream is notinteractive, multiple raw reads may be issued to satisfy the byte count(unless EOF is reached first). But for interactive raw streams, at mostone raw read will be issued, and a short result does not imply that EOF isimminent.A is raised if the underlying raw stream is innon blocking-mode, and has no data available at the moment. Read1 ( size=-1 )Read and return up to size bytes, with at most one call to the underlyingraw stream’s method. This can be useful if youare implementing your own buffering on top of aobject. Readinto ( b )Read up to len(b) bytes into bytearray b and return the number ofbytes read.Like, multiple reads may be issued to the underlying rawstream, unless the latter is interactive.A is raised if the underlying raw stream is innon blocking-mode, and has no data available at the moment. Write ( b )Write the given or object, b andreturn the number of bytes written (never less than len(b), since ifthe write fails an will be raised).

Depending on theactual implementation, these bytes may be readily written to theunderlying stream, or held in a buffer for performance and latencyreasons.When in non-blocking mode, a is raised if thedata needed to be written to the raw stream but it couldn’t acceptall the data without blocking. Raw File I/O class io. FileIO ( name, mode='r', closefd=True, opener=None )represents an OS-level file containing bytes data.It implements the interface (and therefore theinterface, too).The name can be one of two things:. a character string or object representing the path to thefile which will be opened;.

an integer representing the number of an existing OS-level file descriptorto which the resulting object will give access.The mode can be 'r', 'w', 'x' or 'a' for reading(default), writing, exclusive creation or appending. The file will becreated if it doesn’t exist when opened for writing or appending; it will betruncated when opened for writing. Will be raised ifit already exists when opened for creating. Opening a file for creatingimplies writing, so this mode behaves in a similar way to 'w'.

Add a'+' to the mode to allow simultaneous reading and writing.The read (when called with a positive argument), readintoand write methods on this class will only make one system call.A custom opener can be used by passing a callable as opener. The underlyingfile descriptor for the file object is then obtained by calling opener with( name, flags). Opener must return an open file descriptor (passingas opener results in functionality similar to passingNone).The newly created file is.See the built-in function for examples on using the openerparameter.

Buffered StreamsBuffered I/O streams provide a higher-level interface to an I/O devicethan raw I/O does. BytesIO ( initialbytes )A stream implementation using an in-memory bytes buffer.

The buffer is discarded when themethod is called.The argument initialbytes contains optional initial data.provides or overrides these methods in addition to thosefrom and: getbuffer ( )Return a readable and writable view over the contents of the bufferwithout copying them. Also, mutating the view will transparentlyupdate the contents of the buffer. New in version 3.2. Getvalue ( )Return containing the entire contents of the buffer. Read1 ( )In, this is the same as read.

BufferedReader ( raw, buffersize=DEFAULTBUFFERSIZE )A buffer providing higher-level access to a readable, sequentialobject. It inherits.When reading data from this object, a larger amount of data may berequested from the underlying raw stream, and kept in an internal buffer.The buffered data can then be returned directly on subsequent reads.The constructor creates a for the given readableraw stream and buffersize.

If buffersize is omitted,is used.provides or overrides these methods in addition tothose from and: peek ( size )Return bytes from the stream without advancing the position. At most onesingle read on the raw stream is done to satisfy the call. The number ofbytes returned may be less or more than requested. Read ( size )Read and return size bytes, or if size is not given or negative, untilEOF or if the read call would block in non-blocking mode.

Read1 ( size )Read and return up to size bytes with only one call on the raw stream.If at least one byte is buffered, only buffered bytes are returned.Otherwise, one raw stream read call is made. BufferedWriter ( raw, buffersize=DEFAULTBUFFERSIZE )A buffer providing higher-level access to a writeable, sequentialobject. It inherits.When writing to this object, data is normally placed into an internalbuffer. The buffer will be written out to the underlyingobject under various conditions, including:.

when the buffer gets too small for all pending data;. when is called;. when a seek is requested (for objects);. when the object is closed or destroyed.The constructor creates a for the given writeableraw stream. If the buffersize is not given, it defaults to.provides or overrides these methods in addition tothose from and: flush ( )Force bytes held in the buffer into the raw stream.

Ashould be raised if the raw stream blocks. Write ( b )Write the or object, b and return thenumber of bytes written. When in non-blocking mode, ais raised if the buffer needs to be written out butthe raw stream blocks.

BufferedRandom ( raw, buffersize=DEFAULTBUFFERSIZE )A buffered interface to random access streams. It inheritsand, and further supportsseek and tell functionality.The constructor creates a reader and writer for a seekable raw stream, givenin the first argument. If the buffersize is omitted it defaults to.is capable of anything orcan do. BufferedRWPair ( reader, writer, buffersize=DEFAULTBUFFERSIZE )A buffered I/O object combining two unidirectionalobjects – one readable, the other writeable – into a single bidirectionalendpoint. It inherits.reader and writer are objects that are readable andwriteable respectively. If the buffersize is omitted it defaults to.implements all of ‘s methodsexcept for, which raises.

Text I/O class io. TextIOBaseBase class for text streams.

This class provides a character and line basedinterface to stream I/O. There is no readinto method becausePython’s character strings are immutable. It inherits.There is no public constructor.provides or overrides these data attributes andmethods in addition to those from: encodingThe name of the encoding used to decode the stream’s bytes intostrings, and to encode strings into bytes. ErrorsThe error setting of the decoder or encoder. NewlinesA string, a tuple of strings, or None, indicating the newlinestranslated so far. Depending on the implementation and the initialconstructor flags, this may not be available. BufferThe underlying binary buffer (a instance) thatdeals with.

This is not part of theAPI and may not exist in some implementations. Detach ( )Separate the underlying binary buffer from the andreturn it.After the underlying buffer has been detached, the isin an unusable state.Some implementations, like, may nothave the concept of an underlying buffer and calling this method willraise. New in version 3.1. Read ( size )Read and return at most size characters from the stream as a single.

If size is negative or None, reads until EOF. Readline ( size=-1 )Read until newline or EOF and return a single str. If the stream isalready at EOF, an empty string is returned.If size is specified, at most size characters will be read. Seek ( offset , whence )Change the stream position to the given offset. Behaviour depends onthe whence parameter. The default value for whence isSEEKSET. SEEKSET or 0: seek from the start of the stream(the default); offset must either be a number returned by, or zero.

Any other offset valueproduces undefined behaviour. SEEKCUR or 1: “seek” to the current position;offset must be zero, which is a no-operation (all other valuesare unsupported). SEEKEND or 2: seek to the end of the stream;offset must be zero (all other values are unsupported).Return the new absolute position as an opaque number.

New in version 3.1: The SEEK. constants.

Tell ( )Return the current stream position as an opaque number. The numberdoes not usually represent a number of bytes in the underlyingbinary storage.

Write ( s )Write the string s to the stream and return the number of characterswritten. TextIOWrapper ( buffer, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None, linebuffering=False, writethrough=False )A buffered text stream over a binary stream.It inherits.encoding gives the name of the encoding that the stream will be decoded orencoded with.

It defaults to.errors is an optional string that specifies how encoding and decodingerrors are to be handled. Pass 'strict' to raise aexception if there is an encoding error (the default of None has the sameeffect), or pass 'ignore' to ignore errors. (Note that ignoring encodingerrors can lead to data loss.) 'replace' causes a replacement marker(such as '?' ) to be inserted where there is malformed data. Whenwriting, 'xmlcharrefreplace' (replace with the appropriate XML characterreference) or 'backslashreplace' (replace with backslashed escapesequences) can be used. Any other error handling name that has beenregistered with is also valid.newline controls how line endings are handled.

It can be None,', 'n', 'r', and 'rn'. It works as follows:. When reading input from the stream, if newline is None,mode is enabled.

Lines in the input can end in'n', 'r', or 'rn', and these are translated into 'n'before being returned to the caller. If it is ', universal newlinesmode is enabled, but line endings are returned to the caller untranslated.If it has any of the other legal values, input lines are only terminatedby the given string, and the line ending is returned to the calleruntranslated. When writing output to the stream, if newline is None, any 'n'characters written are translated to the system default line separator. If newline is ' or 'n', no translationtakes place. If newline is any of the other legal values, any 'n'characters written are translated to the given string.If linebuffering is True, flush is implied when a call towrite contains a newline character.If writethrough is True, calls to write are guaranteednot to be buffered: any data written on theobject is immediately handled to its underlying binary buffer. Changed in version 3.3: The default encoding is now locale.getpreferredencoding(False)instead of locale.getpreferredencoding. Don’t change temporary thelocale encoding using, use the current localeencoding instead of the user preferred encoding.provides one attribute in addition to those ofand its parents: linebufferingWhether line buffering is enabled.

StringIO ( initialvalue=', newline='n' )An in-memory stream for text I/O. The text buffer is discarded when themethod is called.The initial value of the buffer can be set by providing initialvalue.If newline translation is enabled, newlines will be encoded as if. The stream is positioned at the start ofthe buffer.The newline argument works like that of.The default is to consider only n characters as ends of lines andto do no newline translation. If newline is set to None,newlines are written as n on all platforms, but universalnewline decoding is still performed when reading.provides this method in addition to those fromand its parents: getvalue ( )Return a str containing the entire contents of the buffer.Newlines are decoded as if by, althoughthe stream position is not changed.Example usage.

Binary I/OBy reading and writing only large chunks of data even when the user asks for asingle byte, buffered I/O hides any inefficiency in calling and executing theoperating system’s unbuffered I/O routines. The gain depends on the OS and thekind of I/O which is performed. For example, on some modern OSes such as Linux,unbuffered disk I/O can be as fast as buffered I/O. The bottom line, however,is that buffered I/O offers predictable performance regardless of the platformand the backing device. Therefore, it is almost always preferable to usebuffered I/O rather than unbuffered I/O for binary data.

Text I/OText I/O over a binary storage (such as a file) is significantly slower thanbinary I/O over the same storage, because it requires conversions betweenunicode and binary data using a character codec. This can become noticeablehandling huge amounts of text data like large log files. Also,TextIOWrapper.tell and TextIOWrapper.seek are both quite slowdue to the reconstruction algorithm used., however, is a native in-memory unicode container and willexhibit similar speed to.

ReentrancyBinary buffered objects (instances of, and )are not reentrant. While reentrant calls will not happen in normal situations,they can arise from doing I/O in a handler. If a thread tries tore-enter a buffered object which it is already accessing, ais raised. Note this doesn’t prohibit a different thread from entering thebuffered object.The above implicitly extends to text files, since the functionwill wrap a buffered object inside a. This includesstandard streams and therefore affects the built-in function aswell.

import json class ComplexEncoder ( json. JSONEncoder ). Def default ( self, obj ).

If isinstance ( obj, complex ). Return obj. # Let the base class default method raise the TypeError. Default ( self, obj ).

Dumps ( 2 + 1 j, cls = ComplexEncoder ) '2.0, 1.0' ComplexEncoder. Encode ( 2 + 1 j ) '2.0, 1.0' list ( ComplexEncoder. Iterencode ( 2 + 1 j )) '2.0', ', 1.0', 'Using from the shell to validate and pretty-print. Basic Usage json.

Dump ( obj, fp,., skipkeys=False, ensureascii=True, checkcircular=True, allownan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None, default=None, sortkeys=False,.kw )Serialize obj as a JSON formatted stream to fp (a.write-supporting) using this.If skipkeys is true (default: False), then dict keys that are notof a basic type (,None) will be skipped instead of raising a.The module always produces objects, notobjects. Therefore, fp.write must supportinput.If ensureascii is true (the default), the output is guaranteed tohave all incoming non-ASCII characters escaped.

Changed in version 3.4: Use (',', ': ') as default if indent is not None.If specified, default should be a function that gets called for objects thatcan’t otherwise be serialized. Gods eater burst iso download. It should return a JSON encodable version ofthe object or raise a.

If not specified,is raised.If sortkeys is true (default: False), then the output ofdictionaries will be sorted by key.To use a custom subclass (e.g. One that overrides thedefault method to serialize additional types), specify it with thecls kwarg; otherwise is used.

NoteKeys in key/value pairs of JSON are always of the type. Whena dictionary is converted into JSON, all the keys of the dictionary arecoerced to strings. As a result of this, if a dictionary is convertedinto JSON and then back into a dictionary, the dictionary may not equalthe original one. That is, loads(dumps(x))!= x if x has non-stringkeys. Load ( fp,., cls=None, objecthook=None, parsefloat=None, parseint=None, parseconstant=None, objectpairshook=None,.kw )Deserialize fp (a.read-supporting orcontaining a JSON document) to a Python object usingthis.objecthook is an optional function that will be called with the result ofany object literal decoded (a ).

The return value ofobjecthook will be used instead of the. This feature can be usedto implement custom decoders (e.g.class hinting).objectpairshook is an optional function that will be called with theresult of any object literal decoded with an ordered list of pairs. Thereturn value of objectpairshook will be used instead of the. This feature can be used to implement custom decoders.If objecthook is also defined, the objectpairshook takes priority. Changed in version 3.1: Added support for objectpairshook.parsefloat, if specified, will be called with the string of every JSONfloat to be decoded. By default, this is equivalent to float(numstr).This can be used to use another datatype or parser for JSON floats(e.g. ).parseint, if specified, will be called with the string of every JSON intto be decoded.

By default, this is equivalent to int(numstr). This canbe used to use another datatype or parser for JSON integers(e.g. ).parseconstant, if specified, will be called with one of the followingstrings: '-Infinity', 'Infinity', 'NaN'.This can be used to raise an exception if invalid JSON numbersare encountered.

Changed in version 3.6: fp can now be a. The input encoding should beUTF-8, UTF-16 or UTF-32. Loads ( s,., cls=None, objecthook=None, parsefloat=None, parseint=None, parseconstant=None, objectpairshook=None,.kw )Deserialize s (a, orinstance containing a JSON document) to a Python object using this.The other arguments have the same meaning as in, exceptencoding which is ignored and deprecated since Python 3.1.If the data being deserialized is not a valid JSON document, awill be raised.

Encoders and Decoders class json. JSONDecoder (., objecthook=None, parsefloat=None, parseint=None, parseconstant=None, strict=True, objectpairshook=None )Simple JSON decoder.Performs the following translations in decoding by default:JSONPythonobjectdictarrayliststringstrnumber (int)intnumber (real)floattrueTruefalseFalsenullNoneIt also understands NaN, Infinity, and -Infinity as theircorresponding float values, which is outside the JSON spec.objecthook, if specified, will be called with the result of every JSONobject decoded and its return value will be used in place of the given.

This can be used to provide custom deserializations (e.g. Tosupport JSON-RPC class hinting).objectpairshook, if specified will be called with the result of everyJSON object decoded with an ordered list of pairs. The return value ofobjectpairshook will be used instead of the. Thisfeature can be used to implement custom decoders. If objecthook is alsodefined, the objectpairshook takes priority. Changed in version 3.1: Added support for objectpairshook.parsefloat, if specified, will be called with the string of every JSONfloat to be decoded. By default, this is equivalent to float(numstr).This can be used to use another datatype or parser for JSON floats(e.g.

).parseint, if specified, will be called with the string of every JSON intto be decoded. By default, this is equivalent to int(numstr). This canbe used to use another datatype or parser for JSON integers(e.g. ).parseconstant, if specified, will be called with one of the followingstrings: '-Infinity', 'Infinity', 'NaN'.This can be used to raise an exception if invalid JSON numbersare encountered.If strict is false ( True is the default), then control characterswill be allowed inside strings.

Control characters in this context arethose with character codes in the 0–31 range, including 't' (tab),'n', 'r' and '0'.If the data being deserialized is not a valid JSON document, awill be raised. Changed in version 3.6: All parameters are now. Decode ( s )Return the Python representation of s (a instancecontaining a JSON document).will be raised if the given JSON document is notvalid. Rawdecode ( s )Decode a JSON document from s (a beginning with aJSON document) and return a 2-tuple of the Python representationand the index in s where the document ended.This can be used to decode a JSON document from a string that may haveextraneous data at the end. JSONEncoder (., skipkeys=False, ensureascii=True, checkcircular=True, allownan=True, sortkeys=False, indent=None, separators=None, default=None )Extensible JSON encoder for Python data structures.Supports the following objects and types by default:PythonJSONdictobjectlist, tuplearraystrstringint, float, int- & float-derived EnumsnumberTruetrueFalsefalseNonenull. Changed in version 3.4: Added support for int- and float-derived Enum classes.To extend this to recognize other objects, subclass and implement amethod with another method that returns a serializable objectfor o if possible, otherwise it should call the superclass implementation(to raise ).If skipkeys is false (the default), then it is a toattempt encoding of keys that are not,or None.

If skipkeys is true, such items are simplyskipped.If ensureascii is true (the default), the output is guaranteed tohave all incoming non-ASCII characters escaped. If ensureascii isfalse, these characters will be output as-is.If checkcircular is true (the default), then lists, dicts, and customencoded objects will be checked for circular references during encoding toprevent an infinite recursion (which would cause an ).Otherwise, no such check takes place.If allownan is true (the default), then NaN, Infinity, and-Infinity will be encoded as such. This behavior is not JSONspecification compliant, but is consistent with most JavaScript basedencoders and decoders. Otherwise, it will be a to encodesuch floats.If sortkeys is true (default: False), then the output of dictionarieswill be sorted by key; this is useful for regression tests to ensure thatJSON serializations can be compared on a day-to-day basis.If indent is a non-negative integer or string, then JSON array elements andobject members will be pretty-printed with that indent level.

An indent levelof 0, negative, or ' will only insert newlines. None (the default)selects the most compact representation.

Using a positive integer indentindents that many spaces per level. If indent is a string (such as 't'),that string is used to indent each level. Standard Compliance and InteroperabilityThe JSON format is specified by and by.This section details this module’s level of compliance with the RFC.For simplicity, and subclasses, andparameters other than those explicitly mentioned, are not considered.This module does not comply with the RFC in a strict fashion, implementing someextensions that are valid JavaScript but not valid JSON.

In particular:.Infinite and NaN number values are accepted and output;.Repeated names within an object are accepted, and only the value of the lastname-value pair is used.Since the RFC permits RFC-compliant parsers to accept input texts that are notRFC-compliant, this module’s deserializer is technically RFC-compliant underdefault settings. Implementation LimitationsSome JSON deserializer implementations may set limits on:.the size of accepted JSON texts.the maximum level of nesting of JSON objects and arrays.the range and precision of JSON numbers.the content and maximum length of JSON stringsThis module does not impose any such limits beyond those of the relevantPython datatypes themselves or the Python interpreter itself.When serializing to JSON, beware any such limitations in applications that mayconsume your JSON. In particular, it is common for JSON numbers to bedeserialized into IEEE 754 double precision numbers and thus subject to thatrepresentation’s range and precision limitations. This is especially relevantwhen serializing Python values of extremely large magnitude, orwhen serializing instances of “exotic” numerical types such as.